Macaristan Krallığı

Magyar Királyság (Macarca)
Regnum Hungariae (Latince)
Königreich Ungarn (Almanca)
Kingdom of Hungary
Names ↓
Magyar Királyság (Macarca); Regnum Hungariae (Latince); Königreich Ungarn (Almanca); Kingdom of Hungary; Names ↓
1000–1918 ; 1920–1946
	Flag; (1915–1918) Coat of arms
	Slogan; Regnum Mariae Patronae Hungariae (Latince); Mária királysága, Magyarország védőnője (Macarca); Kingdom of Mary, the Patroness of Hungary (İngilizce)
	Millî marş; Macarca: Himnusz (1844–1946); "Hymn" Royal anthem; God save, God protect Our Emperor, Our Country!; (1797–1918)
Başkent	Budapeşte Tarihi başkentler: Esztergom (1000–1256); Temeşvar (1315–23); Vişegrad (1323–1408); Budin (1256–1315; 1408–85; 1490–1541; 1783–1873); Bécs (1485–90); Pozsony (1536–1783); Debrecen (temporary: 1849; 1944); Budapeşte (1873–1946); Székesfehérvár (place of diets, royal seat, crowning and burial site from 1000 to 1543);
Resmî dil(ler)	Latince (1844'e kadar törensel/dinsel/idari); Almanca (1784–90; 1849–67); Macarca (1836–49; 1867–1946); İtalyanca (1871–1918, Fiume); Diğer konuşulan diller:; Carpathian Romani, Hırvatça, Lehçe, Rumence, Rutence, Sırpça, Slovakça, Slovence, Yidiş
Resmî din	Katoliklik (Latin and Doğu Katolik), Kalvinizm, Lütercilik, Doğu Ortodoksluk, Üniteryenizm, Yahudilik
Hükûmet	Feudal monarchy (1000–1301); Absolute monarchy (1301–1868); Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy (1848–1918; 1920–46)
Hükümdar
• 1000–38 (ilk)
• 1000–38 (ilk)	I. István
• 1916–18 (son)	IV. Karl
• 1920–44 (Regent)	Miklós Horthy
Palatine
• 1009–38 (ilk)
• 1009–38 (ilk)	Samuel Aba
• 1847–48 (son)	Stephen Francis Victor
Prime Minister
• 1848 (first)
• 1848 (first)	Lajos Batthyány
• 1945–46 (last)	Zoltán Tildy
Yasama organı	Diet (from the 1290s)
Tarihî dönem	2nd millennium
• I. István'ın taç giymesi
• I. István'ın taç giymesi	25 Aralık 1000
• Golden Bull of 1222	24 Nisan 1222
• Mohi Muharebesi	11 Nisan 1241
• Mohaç Muharebesi	29 Ağustos 1526
• Budin'in; Osmanlı işgali	29 Ağustos 1541
• Karlofça Antlaşması	26 Ocak 1699
• Macar Devrimi	15 Mart 1848
• 1867 Compromise	30 Mart 1867
• Treaty of Trianon	4 Haziran 1920
• Monarchy abolished	1 Şubat 1946
Yüzölçümü
1200	282870 km2
1910	282,870 km2
1930	93,073 km2
1941	172,149 km2
Nüfus
• 1200
• 1200	2,000,000
• 1790	8,000,000
• 1910	18,264,533
• 1930	8,688,319
• 1941	14,669,100
Para birimi	Latince: Florentinus (1325–1553); Almanca: Thaler; Florin (1754–1867); Macarca: Forint (1867–92); Macarca: Korona (1892–1918); Macarca: Korona (1919–26); Macarca: Pengő (1927–46); Macarca: Adópengő (1946);
Öncüller	Ardıllar
	Macaristan Prensliği
	Hungarian Republic (1919–20)
First Hungarian Republic
First Czechoslovak Republic
Kingdom of Romania
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
First Austrian Republic
Second Hungarian Republic

Macaristan Krallığı, Orta Çağ'dan 20. yüzyıla kadar yaklaşık bin yıl boyunca Orta Avrupa'da varlığını sürdüren bir monarşiydi. Macaristan Prensliği, ilk kral I. István'ın 1000 yılı civarında Estergon'da taç giymesi üzerine bir Hıristiyan krallığı olarak ortaya çıktı;^[8] ailesi (Árpád Hanedanı) 300 yıl boyunca monarşiyi yönetti. 12. yüzyıla gelindiğinde krallık Avrupalı bir güç haline geldi.^[8]

Ayrıca bakınız[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Notlar[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

^
After the death of the Hungarian king at Battle of Mohács in 1526, Hungarian noble groups elected two kings dividing Hungary in two: Royal Hungary and Eastern Hungarian Kingdom. During the Ottoman occupation between 1541 and 1699, the Kingdom of Hungary was divided into three separate parts:
(see below...)

Kaynakça[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Özel

^ Adeleye, Gabriel G. (1999). World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewicz and James T. McDonough, Jr. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. 0-86516-422-3.
^ The majority of Hungarian people became Christian in the 10th century. Hungary's first king, Saint Stephen I, took up Western Christianity. Hungary remained solely Catholic until the Reformation took place during the 16th century and, as a result, Lutheranism and then, soon afterwards, Calvinism started to spread.
^ J. C. Russell, "Population in Europe 500–1500," in The Fontana Economic History of Europe: The Middle Ages, ed. Carlo M. Cipolla (London: Collins/Fontana Books, 1972), p. 25.
^ Emil Valkovics:Demography of contemporary Hungarian society 1 Mayıs 2016^{[Tarih uyuşmuyor]} tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., 1996, p. 15
^ Kollega Tarsoly, István, (Ed.) (1996). "Magyarország". Révai nagy lexikona (Macarca). 21. Budapeşte: Hasonmás Kiadó. s. 572. ISBN 963-9015-02-4.
^ Élesztős László, (Ed.) (2004). "Magyarország". Révai új lexikona (Macarca). 13. Budapeşte: Hasonmás Kiadó. ss. 882, 895. ISBN 963-9556-13-0.
^ Historical World Atlas. With the commendation of the Royal Geographical Society. Carthographia, Budapest, Hungary, 2005. 963-352-002-9
^ ^a ^b Kristó Gyula – Barta János – Gergely Jenő: Magyarország története előidőktől 2000-ig (History of Hungary from the prehistory to 2000), Pannonica Kiadó, Budapest, 2002, 963-9252-56-5, pp. 37, 113, 678 ("Magyarország a 12. század második felére jelentős európai tényezővé, középhatalommá vált."/"By the 12th century Hungary became an important European factor, became a middle power.", "A Nyugat részévé vált Magyarország.../Hungary became part of the West"), pp. 616–644

Genel

Wettig, Gerhard (2008), Stalin and the Cold War in Europe, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0-7425-5542-6

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Engel, Pál. The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. (2001).
Frucht, Richard. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism. 18 Mart 2010^{[Tarih uyuşmuyor]} tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (2000).
Hoensch, Jörg K., and Kim Traynor. History of Modern Hungary^{[ölü/kırık bağlantı]}, 1867–1994 (1996)
Hanak, Peter et al. A History of Hungary (1994)
"Hungary". Encyclopædia Britannica. 13 (11. bas.). 1911. ss. 894–931.
Kings and Saints – The Age of the Árpáds (PDF). Budapest, Székesfehérvár: Institute of Hungarian Research. 2022. ISBN 978-615-6117-65-6.
Kontler, Laszlo. A History of Hungary (2006) excerpt and text search
Molnár, Miklós, and Anna Magyar. A Concise History of Hungary (2001) excerpt and text search
Palffy, Geza. The Kingdom of Hungary and the Habsburg Monarchy in the Sixteenth Century (East European Monographs, distributed by Columbia University Press, 2010) 406 pages; Covers the period after the battle of Mohacs in 1526 when the Kingdom of Hungary was partitioned in three, with one segment going to the Habsburgs.

[1] After the death of the Hungarian king at Battle of Mohács in 1526, Hungarian noble groups elected two kings dividing Hungary in two: Royal Hungary and Eastern Hungarian Kingdom. During the Ottoman occupation between 1541 and 1699, the Kingdom of Hungary was divided into three separate parts:
Royal Hungary 1526–1699

Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 1526–1570 which became the Principality of Transylvania 1570–1711

Ottoman Hungary 1541–1699
(see below...)

[2] Royal Hungary 1526–1699

[3] Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 1526–1570 which became the Principality of Transylvania 1570–1711

[4] Ottoman Hungary 1541–1699

[2] Adeleye, Gabriel G. (1999). World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewicz and James T. McDonough, Jr. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. 0-86516-422-3.

[religion-3] The majority of Hungarian people became Christian in the 10th century. Hungary's first king, Saint Stephen I, took up Western Christianity. Hungary remained solely Catholic until the Reformation took place during the 16th century and, as a result, Lutheranism and then, soon afterwards, Calvinism started to spread.

[4] J. C. Russell, "Population in Europe 500–1500," in The Fontana Economic History of Europe: The Middle Ages, ed. Carlo M. Cipolla (London: Collins/Fontana Books, 1972), p. 25.

[5] Emil Valkovics:Demography of contemporary Hungarian society 1 Mayıs 2016^{[Tarih uyuşmuyor]} tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., 1996, p. 15

[6] Kollega Tarsoly, István, (Ed.) (1996). "Magyarország". Révai nagy lexikona (Macarca). 21. Budapeşte: Hasonmás Kiadó. s. 572. ISBN 963-9015-02-4.

[7] Élesztős László, (Ed.) (2004). "Magyarország". Révai új lexikona (Macarca). 13. Budapeşte: Hasonmás Kiadó. ss. 882, 895. ISBN 963-9556-13-0.

[carth-8] Historical World Atlas. With the commendation of the Royal Geographical Society. Carthographia, Budapest, Hungary, 2005. 963-352-002-9

[Kristó-9] Kristó Gyula – Barta János – Gergely Jenő: Magyarország története előidőktől 2000-ig (History of Hungary from the prehistory to 2000), Pannonica Kiadó, Budapest, 2002, 963-9252-56-5, pp. 37, 113, 678 ("Magyarország a 12. század második felére jelentős európai tényezővé, középhatalommá vált."/"By the 12th century Hungary became an important European factor, became a middle power.", "A Nyugat részévé vált Magyarország.../Hungary became part of the West"), pp. 616–644

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